The Great Siege of Malta in 1565 was a defining moment in the history of the island and the Knights of St. John, led by Grand Master Jean Parisot de Valette, faced an overwhelming Ottoman force. The Ottomans, under Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, aimed to capture the island and eliminate the Knights’ presence in the Mediterranean. However, despite being vastly outnumbered, the Knights and the local Maltese population held their ground and successfully defended their home.
The Ottoman Threat
In 1565, the Ottoman Empire was at its peak. Its fleet, led by the formidable Dragut, sailed toward Malta with over 40,000 soldiers, including elite Janissaries. Their objective was clear: to capture the island, destroy the Knights, and expand Ottoman influence in the region. The Knights of St. John, who had established Malta as their base after being expelled from Rhodes, knew they were the last line of defense against Ottoman expansion into Europe. With only around 6,000 soldiers, the Knights prepared for a long and challenging siege.
Great Siege of Malta in 1565: Siege Begins
The Ottomans landed on Malta in May 1565 and immediately began their assault on the island’s fortifications. The Knights, led by de Valette, fortified their defenses and called on the local population to support the defense effort. They strengthened the city of Birgu and built additional fortifications around Fort St. Elmo, the strategic position that the Ottomans aimed to capture first. Over the course of several months, intense fighting took place. The Ottoman forces relentlessly attacked the fortifications, but the Knights held firm.
The Turning Point
By July 1565, the situation was dire. The Knights had suffered heavy losses, and the Ottomans were closing in on the last remaining strongholds. However, the siege reached a turning point when the Knights managed to secure reinforcements from Sicily. The arrival of fresh troops and supplies, along with the death of the Ottoman commander Dragut, weakened the Ottoman forces. The tide of the battle shifted, and the Knights launched a counterattack.
Aftermath and Legacy of the Great Siege of Malta in 1565
In September 1565, after several months of fierce combat, the Ottomans were forced to retreat. The Knights had successfully defended Malta, preserving their presence in the Mediterranean. The Great Siege became a symbol of courage and resilience. It strengthened the reputation of the Knights of St. John and ensured Malta’s place in European history. Today, the legacy of the siege is celebrated in Malta, reminding the world of the bravery shown during one of history’s most remarkable military struggles.